Wednesbury Old Canal

Canal in the West Midlands, England

Wednesbury Old Canal
Pudding Green Junction. The Wednesbury Old Canal leads under the bridge from the BCN Main Line, which runs left and right
Specifications
Length4.4 miles (7.1 km)
Statuspart open, part dry
Navigation authorityCanal and River Trust
History
Principal engineerJames Brindley
Date of act1768
Date of first use1769
Date closed1955, 1960
Geography
Start pointPudding Green Junction
(originally Spon Lane Junction)
End pointBalls Hill Basin
Branch ofBirmingham Canal Navigations
Map of Wednesbury Canal (outlined in yellow) and its modern neighbours. Wednesbury Old Canal as it stands today is shown in pink/yellow.

Wednesbury Old Canal is part of the Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN) in the English West Midlands. It opened in 1769, and although parts of it were abandoned in 1955 and 1960, the section between Pudding Green Junction and Ryder's Green Junction is navigable, as it provides a link to the Walsall Canal. A short stub beyond Ryder's Green Junction is connected to the network but difficult to navigate.[1]

Route

Wednesbury Old Canal leaves the main line Birmingham level at Pudding Green Junction and passes through a completely industrial landscape. At Ryders Green Junction the Walsall Canal begins its descent down the eight Ryder's Green Locks. Just before the locks Wednesbury Old Canal veers off and commences its meandering route through Swan Village and, originally, around the collieries. The canal beyond Swan Bridge Junction was also known as the Balls Hill Branch.[2]

The remains of the canal east of Ryders Green Junction
The barely navigable remains of the canal viewed from the same point in the opposite direction

This part of the canal is now only open to boat traffic as far as the Black Country Spine Road, following the decision to build a new bridge which didn't allow enough headroom for boats to pass. In practice, even this section is badly overgrown and unlikely to be navigable throughout.[1] The Wednesbury Canal is dry from this point, but the Ridgacre Branch continues, watered for most of its original length (without its branches) past the culverted road and, although inaccessible to boats, is now used for fishing, walking and is a valued wildlife habitat.

Some modern sources mark the Ridgacre as starting at Ryder's Green Junction but this is not historically correct.

History

The Wednesbury Canal was part of the first phase of the Birmingham Canal (the first around the Black Country or Birmingham). [3] It was authorised in the 1768 Birmingham Canal Act which authorised the Birmingham Canal and branches to Wednesbury and Ocker Hill [4] as a major branch of the Birmingham Canal and was completed and delivering coal to Birmingham on 6 November 1769,[4] even before the Birmingham Canal had reached Wolverhampton.

It started at what is now Spon Lane Junction (Wolverhampton Level) and descended the three remaining Spon Lane locks to the Birmingham Level. Its length was 4.4 miles (7.1 km). It terminated at Balls Hill Basin, not far from the later Tame Valley Canal.

The Ridgacre Branch opened in 1826 and was 0.75 miles (1.21 km) in length. It ran from the Wednesbury at Swan Bridge Junction, a short distance north of the New Swan Lane / Black Country New Road roundabout. From it ran the Dartmouth Branch northwards and the Halford Branch southwards to collieries.

The 'Island Line' – Thomas Telford's BCN New Main Line cut in a straight line from Tipton Factory Locks towards Spon Lane bottom lock (Bromford Junction, and then on to Smethwick and Birmingham). It cut into the original Wednesbury Canal, forming Pudding Lane Junction, and the short, curved length of the Wednesbury Canal between there and Bromford Junction was lost.

The Wednesbury Old Canal was given abandoned status by 1955 and 1960 Acts.[4] Recent road developments (Black Country New Road) at Swan Bridge Junction have severed the connection to the remaining, navigable canal, and have also severed the Ridgacre Branch from the canal network.

Wednesbury Canal original features

Point Coordinates
(Links to map resources) 		OS Grid Ref Notes
Balls Hill Basin 52°32′24″N 2°00′58″W / 52.5401°N 2.0161°W / 52.5401; -2.0161 (Balls Hill Basin) SO989936 Original terminus
Site of GWR aqueduct 52°32′24″N 2°01′00″W / 52.5401°N 2.0168°W / 52.5401; -2.0168 (Site of GWR aqueduct) SO98959358
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 9 52°32′24″N 2°01′02″W / 52.5401°N 2.0172°W / 52.5401; -2.0172 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 9) SO98939358
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 8 52°32′29″N 2°01′06″W / 52.5414°N 2.0183°W / 52.5414; -2.0183 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 8) SO98859372
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 7 52°32′25″N 2°01′22″W / 52.5402°N 2.0227°W / 52.5402; -2.0227 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 7) SO98559359
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 6 52°32′22″N 2°01′36″W / 52.5395°N 2.0267°W / 52.5395; -2.0267 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 6) SO98289351
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 5 52°32′15″N 2°01′30″W / 52.5374°N 2.0250°W / 52.5374; -2.0250 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 5) SO98409328
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 4 52°31′56″N 2°01′39″W / 52.5323°N 2.0274°W / 52.5323; -2.0274 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 4) SO98239271
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 3 52°31′56″N 2°01′27″W / 52.5322°N 2.0243°W / 52.5322; -2.0243 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 3) SO98449270
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 2 52°32′00″N 2°01′22″W / 52.5334°N 2.0227°W / 52.5334; -2.0227 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 2) SO98559283
Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 1 52°31′50″N 2°01′03″W / 52.5305°N 2.0174°W / 52.5305; -2.0174 (Balls Hill Branch route (dry) 1) SO98919251
Site of Swan Village Basin 52°31′48″N 2°01′06″W / 52.5301°N 2.0184°W / 52.5301; -2.0184 (Site of Swan Village Basin) SO98849247 GWR interchange basin
Swan Bridge Junction 52°31′46″N 2°00′59″W / 52.5294°N 2.0163°W / 52.5294; -2.0163 (Swan Bridge Junction) SO988924 Culverted
Ridgacre Branch 52°31′46″N 2°00′57″W / 52.5294°N 2.0157°W / 52.5294; -2.0157 (Ridgacre Branch) SO989924
Black Country New Road 52°31′45″N 2°01′01″W / 52.5292°N 2.0170°W / 52.5292; -2.0170 (Black Country New Road bridge) SO988924 Obstructs canal
Ryder's Green Junction 52°31′22″N 2°01′20″W / 52.5228°N 2.0221°W / 52.5228; -2.0221 (Ryder's Green Junction) SO985916 Walsall Canal
Pudding Green Junction 52°30′50″N 2°01′00″W / 52.5139°N 2.0168°W / 52.5139; -2.0168 (Pudding Green Junction) SO988907 BCN New Main Line (Island Line)
Lost loop 52°30′44″N 2°00′53″W / 52.5123°N 2.0147°W / 52.5123; -2.0147 (Lost loop) SO99099049
Bromford Junction 52°30′25″N 2°00′18″W / 52.5070°N 2.0051°W / 52.5070; -2.0051 (Bromford Junction) SO996899
Spon Lane bottom lock 52°30′26″N 2°00′15″W / 52.5071°N 2.0041°W / 52.5071; -2.0041 (Spon Lane bottom lock) SO997899
Spon Lane middle lock 52°30′25″N 1°59′58″W / 52.5070°N 1.9994°W / 52.5070; -1.9994 (Spon Lane middle lock) SP000899
Spon Lane top lock 52°30′24″N 1°59′44″W / 52.5067°N 1.9956°W / 52.5067; -1.9956 (Spon Lane top lock) SP002899
Spon Lane Junction 52°30′24″N 1°59′42″W / 52.5066°N 1.9951°W / 52.5066; -1.9951 (Spon Lane Junction) SP003898 BCN Old Main Line
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See also

  • flagUnited Kingdom portal
  • iconTransport portal

References

  1. ^ a b Balmer, Paul (April 2020). Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN) (map). Waterway Routes.
  2. ^ In Search of the Lost Canals of the Black Country, Eric Richardson, The Black Country Society, 1996, ISBN 0-904015-40-8
  3. ^ Broadbridge, S. R. (1974). The Birmingham Canal Navigations, Vol. 1 1768–1846. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7509-2077-7.
  4. ^ a b c *Hadfield, Charles (1985) [1966]. Canals of the West Midlands Volume 5. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8644-1.
  • Historical Map of the Birmingham Canals, Richard Dean, M. & M. Baldwin, 1989, ISBN 0-947712-08-9
  • Ordnance Survey Six Inch Series (1:10,560), Map SO99SE, 1955
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52°31′22″N 2°01′20″W / 52.5228°N 2.0221°W / 52.5228; -2.0221