Turkish Revenge Brigade
Turkish Revenge Brigade | |
---|---|
Türk İntikam Tugayı | |
Dates of operation | 1979 (1979)–present (present) |
Ideology | Ultranationalism[1] |
Size | Unknown |
The Turkish Revenge Brigade (Turkish: Türk İntikam Tugayı, TİT), also referred as the Turkish Vengeance Brigade,[2] is a militant Turkish nationalist organisation that has used violence against those they perceive as insulting Turkey.[3][4] In the political violence of the 1970s, TİT gained notoriety during political clashes and is believed to be responsible for over 1,000 deaths during this period. After the military coup of 1980, most of its members were arrested. They were later released and assisted Turkish military intelligence in operations during the Kurdish-Turkish conflict.[5]
Activity
1979
In 1979, police arrested a man named Cengiz Ayhan in Mersin on charges of being the leader of the Turkish Revenge Brigade. Ayhan denied the charges and claimed he was falsely accused of involvement in the group due to his opposition to leftist groups in Turkey.[6]
1993
According to Human Rights Watch, the murders of parliamentary deputy Mehmet Sincar and the journalist Ferhat Tepe in 1993 were carried out in TİT's name.[7] Later, it was found that Sincar was assassinated by Turkish Hezbollah, who intended to assassinate Nizamettin Toğuç.[8]
1996
In 1996, it is reported that they were involved with the murder of Turkish Cypriot journalist Kutlu Adalı.[9]
1998
TİT claimed responsibility for an armed attack in 1998 on the then Turkish Human Rights Association president, Akın Birdal, in which he was critically wounded.[10][11] The perpetrator was the TİT's leader, Mehmet Cemal Kulaksızoğlu received a diplomatic passport by rogue National Intelligence Organization officer, Yavuz Ataç. That time Mehmet Cemal Kulaksızoglu never serve with Ataç but they were close friends. The boss of Kulaksizoglu was Mehmet Eymür.[12]
2005
Human Rights Association President, Eren Keskin and two HRA board members received death threats while in Istanbul.[13]
2008
In 2008, a man named Vatan Bölükbaşı was arrested during the Ergenekon trials. Bölükbaşı later identified himself as a member of TİT and said that he is moving by orders of Veli Küçük.[14]
References
- ^ "Turkish ultranationalist militant organization threatens HDP member with death". 31 August 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to East View".
- ^ Haberfeld, Maki R., Joseph F. King and Charles A. Lieberman, Terrorism in Comparative International Context, (Springer Science, 2009), 94.
- ^ Nash, Jay Robert, Great pictorial history of world crime, Vol.2, (Scarecrow Press Inc., 2004), 1606.
- ^ Metelits, Claire, Inside Insurgency: Violence, Civilians, and Revolutionary Group Behavior, (New York University Press, 2010), 154-155.
- ^ "Today's Zaman". Archived from the original on 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
- ^ "Turkey: Condemn Threats on Human Rights Defenders". Human Rights Watch. 2005-04-20. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
- ^ "Sincar cinayeti çözüldü" (in Turkish). Akşam newspaper. 2001-12-05. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
- ^ Nancy J. Woodhull and Robert W. Snyder, Journalists in Peril, (Transaction Publishers, 1998), 3.[1]
- ^ Suicide Terrorism in Turkey:The Workers' Party of Kurdistan, Prof. Dogu Ergil, Countering Suicide Terrorism: An International Conference : February 20–23, (International Policy Institute, 2001), 126.
- ^ "Turkey: Death threats/Fear for safety". Amnesty International. 19 April 2005. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
- ^ Arikanoglu, Soner (23 August 1998). "Gözler, MİT'çi Ataç'ta". Radikal (in Turkish).
- ^ Turkey, Human Rights Watch World Report 2006, (Seven Stories Press, 2006), 409.[2]
- ^ "Ergenekon'un hücresi TİT". birgun.net (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- v
- t
- e
- 9 September Front
- Association for Defence of National Rights
- Alperen Hearths
- Atsız Youth
- Black Gang
- Counter-Guerrilla
- Deep State
- Grey Wolves
- Kuva-yi Milliye
- Ottoman Hearths
- Peace at Home Council
- Turkish Revenge Brigade
- Turkish Hearths
- Turkish Resistance Organisation
- Turkists of Gebze
- TurkHackTeam
- Sultan Murad Division
- Youth Union of Turkey
- Wind Unit
parties
- Young Turks (Ottoman Empire)
- Committee of Union and Progress (Ottoman Empire)
- Republican People's Party (1923–1944)
- Nation Party (1948)
- Republican Villagers Nation Party
- Nation Party (1962)
- Nationalist Movement Party
- Nation Party (1992)
- Workers' Party (left-wing)
- Great Unity Party
- Bright Turkey Party
- Independent Turkey Party
- Homeland Party
- People's Ascent Party
- Nationalist and Conservative Party
- Rights and Equality Party
- National Party
- Patriotic Party
- Good Party
- Ziya Gökalp
- Talaat Pasha
- Enver Pasha
- Kâzım Karabekir
- Ali Suavi
- Ömer Seyfettin
- Noman Çelebicihan
- Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
- Yusuf Akçura
- Ali bey Huseynzade
- Ahmet Ağaoğlu
- Zeki Velidi Togan
- Rıza Nur
- Papa Eftim I
- Nihal Atsız
- Nejdet Sançar
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- Peyami Safa
- Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
- Alparslan Türkeş
- Abulfaz Elchibey
- Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
- Namık Kemal
- Gün Sazak
- Attilâ İlhan
- Doğu Perinçek
- Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu
- Kemal Kerinçsiz
- Meral Akşener
- Yusuf Halaçoğlu
- Ümit Özdağ
- Sinan Oğan
- Bülent Ecevit
events
- Adana massacre
- Hamidian massacres
- 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
- Greek genocide
- Armenian genocide
- Assyrian genocide
- Deportations of Kurds
- Turkish War of Independence
- Elza Niego affair
- Zilan massacre
- 1934 Thrace pogroms
- Dersim massacre
- Racism-Turanism trials
- Istanbul pogrom
- Battle of Tillyria
- 1957 arson attack at Tahtakale
- Sivas massacre
- Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
- Turkish invasion of Cyprus
- Beyazıt massacre
- Political violence in Turkey
- Maraş massacre
- Assassination of Kemal Türkler
- 1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt
- Zirve Publishing House murders
- Gezi Park protests
- Assassination of Hrant Dink
- Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings
- 2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault
- Murder of Deniz Poyraz
- Atatürk's reforms
- Turkish History Thesis
- Place name changes
- Öztürkçe
- Language reform
- Animal name changes
- 1934 Resettlement Law
- Varlık Vergisi
- The Twenty Classes
- Citizen, speak Turkish!
- Confiscation of Armenian property
- Surname Law
- Denial of Kurds by Turkey
- Article 301
- How happy is the one who says I am a Turk
- Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation
- Armenian genocide denial
- Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!