Timeline of Tabriz

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

Prior to 15th century

Part of a series on the
History of Iran
Prehistoric period BCE / BC Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000 Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000 Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000 Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium Dalma culture c. 5th millennium
Ancient period Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Jiroft culture c. 3100–2200 Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 1500–1155 Avestan period c. 1500–500 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 720-670
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Anshanite Kingdom 635 BC–550 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Sogdia c. 6th century BC–11th century AD Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC–428 AD Atropatene c. 323 BC–226 AD Kingdom of Cappadocia 320s BC–17 AD Seleucid Empire 312 BC–63 BC Kingdom of Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 AD–224/5 Paratarajas 125–300 Sasanian Empire 224–651 Zarmihrids 6th century–785 Qarinvandids 550s–11th century
Medieval period CE / AD Rashidun Caliphate 632-661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Rawadid dynasty 955–1070 Hasanwayhids 959–1095 Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186 Annazids 990/1–1117 Kakuyids 1008–1141 Nasrid dynasty 1029–1236 Shabankara 1030–1355 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Salghurids 1148–1282 Hazaraspids 1155–1424 Pishkinid dynasty 1155–1231 Khorshidi dynasty 1184-1597 Qutlugh-Khanids 1223-1306 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid Sultanate 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Mar'ashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kar-Kiya dynasty 1370s–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period Safavid Iran 1501–1736 (Hotak dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid Iran 1736–1796 Zand dynasty 1751–1794
Modern period Qajar Iran 1789–1925 Pahlavi Iran 1925–1979
Contemporary period Iranian Revolution 1979 Interim Government 1979 Islamic Republic 1979–present
Related articles Name Monarchs Heads of state Economic history LGBT history Military history Women's history Wars
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v t e

• 714 BCE. – Mentioned in Assyrian King Sargon II's epigraph
• 2nd to 7th C. BCE The earliest elements of the present Tabriz are claimed to be built either at the time of the early Sassanids in the 3rd or 4th century AD, or later in the 7th century.^[1] The Middle Persian name of the city was T'awrēš (similar in etymological roots as the name of city of Tafresh, some distance away.)
• 8th C. CE – Tabriz Bazaar construction begins.^[2]
• 858 CE – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.^[3][4]
• 1041 – A devastating earthquake happened in Tabriz.^[3][4]
• 1208 – Annexed by the army of Kingdom of Georgia under command of brothers Ivane and Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli.^[5]
• 1275 – Marco Polo traveled through Tabriz on his way to China.^[6]
• 1298 – Sham-i Ghazan built (approximate date).^[7]
• 1299 – City becomes Ilkhanid capital.^[8]
• 1300 – Rab'-e Rashidi (academic center) built.^[9]
• 1305 – Ghazaniyya (tomb) built.^[9]
• 1311 – Masjid-i Alishah built (approximate date).^[7]
• 1314 – Madrasa of Sayyid Hamza built.^[7]
• 1320 – Arg of Tabriz built.^[9]
• 1330 – Dimishqiyya built (approximate date).^[7]
• 1340 – Masjid-i Ustad-Shagird and Alaiyya built.^[7]
• 1356/1357 – City is briefly occupied by the Muzafarrids^[10]
• 1370 – Imarat-i Shaikh Uvais built (approximate date).^[7]
• 1375 – City becomes capital of Kara Koyunlu territory.^{[citation needed]}
• 1392 – City besieged by Timur.^[3]

15th–16th centuries

• 1406 – Kara Koyunlu in power.
• 1465 – Blue Mosque ^[4]and Muzaffariyya built.^[7]
• 1468 – Uzun Hasan in power.^[11]
• 1469 – City becomes part of Ak Koyunlu territory.
• 1472 – Capital relocates to Tabriz from Amid.^[12]
• 1475 – Masjid-i Hasan Padshah and Maqsudiyya built (approximate date).^[7]
• 1478 – Nasiriyya built.^[7]
• 1483 – Hasht Bihisht palace built.^[11]
• 1500 – Population: 300,000 (approximate).^[12] The fifth most populated city in the world.^[13]
• 1501 – Safavid Ismail I in power.^[14]
• 1514
  • 5 September: City taken by Ottoman Selim I.^[8]
  • Safavids in power.
• 1534 – Ottomans in power.
• 1535 – Safavids in power.
• 1548
  • Ottomans in power, succeeded by Safavids.
  • Capital relocates from Tabriz to Qazvin.^[8]
• 1555 – Persians in power per Treaty of Amasya.^[7]
• 1571 – Uprising.^[15]
• 1585 – Ottomans in power.^[14]

17th–18th centuries

• 1603 – Safavids in power.
• 1610 – Ottomans in power.
• 1611 – Safavids in power.
• 1635 – City sacked by Ottoman Murad IV.^[7]
• 1636 – Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque built.^[2]
• 1641 – Earthquake kills thousands and destroys the city.^[7][11]
• 1655 – Madrasa Sadiqiyya built.^[7]
• 1673 – Population: 550,000.^[12]
• 1676 – Madrasa Talibiyya built.^[7]
• 1721 – Earthquake kills eighty thousands.^[4]
• 1724 – Ottomans in power.
• 1724/25 Ottoman invaders killed about 200,000 city residents.
• 1730 – Safavids in power.
• 1736 – City becomes part of Afshar territory.
• 1747 – City becomes part of Khanate of Tabriz.
• 1757 – Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar takes city.^[16]
• 1762 – City incorporated into Zand realm.^[16]
• 1775 – Earthquake.^[12]
• 1780 – 28 February: Earthquake kills about 200,000 city residents.^[8]
  • Population: about 30,000.
• 1785 – Qajars in power.
• 1799 – Qajar prince Abbas Mirza appointed as the governor of the city.

19th century

• 1808 – Population: 250,000 (estimate).^[17]
• 1817 – Printing press in operation.^[16]
• 1826 – Russians take city.^[16]
• 1827 – City becomes part of Russian Empire.
• 1828 – Qajars took power in the city.
• 1830 – Cholera outbreak.^[11]
• 1860 – Tehran-Tabriz telegraph begins operating.^[18]
• 1868 – Constitution House of Tabriz built.
• 1881
  • Population: 165,000 (estimate).^[4]
  • American Memorial School in Tabriz established.^{[citation needed]}

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1908 – Sardar Homayun Vali Qasem appointed as Tabriz first mayor.
• 1909
  • 19 April: Howard Baskerville, the American teacher in Tabriz and a supporter of constitutionals, got killed in battle.
  • 29 April: Russians Cossacks take city.^[15]
  • 29 April: Monarchists siege of the city failed with arrival of Russian forces.
• 1910 – Population: 200,000 (approximate).^[4]
• 1911:
  • December: Occupation of Tabriz by Russian army in 1911.
  • 30 December: Seqat-ol-Eslam executed with 10 other constitutionals and nationalists by Russian Cossacks.^[19]
• 1915 – Tabriz Occupied by Ottoman forces during Invasion of Tabriz, World War I
• 1916 – Jolfa-Tabriz railway begins operating.^[20][4]
• 1917
  • Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower built.^[21]
  • Tavakoli matches factory established as one of the first private factories.^[22]
• 1918
  • 28 February: Russian retreat from Tabriz completed.^{[11] : 496}
  • 28 February: Ismaeil Nowbari head of local Democrat party took control of the city.
  • 18 June: Tabriz occupied by Ottoman forces.
• 1920
  • 4 September: Iranian Cossacks take control of the city after retreating of Ottoman forces.^[15]
  • Late summer: Khiyabani's revolution suppressed with help of Cossacks.^[23]
• 1921 – Tarbiat library established.
• 1922
  • 1 February: Major Lahuti's revolt take control of Tabriz.^{[24]: 134–142}
  • 7 February: Major Lahuti's revolt crashed. Persian Cossacks take control of the city.
• 1925 – City becomes part of Imperial State of Persia.
• 1934 –
  • Tabriz Municipality Palace built.
  • A major flood caused a lot of damages to central parts of the city, including Ali Qapu.^[25]
• 1937 – City becomes capital of Eastern Azerbaijan province.^[15]
• 1941 – Tabriz occupied by Red Army as part of Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.
• 1945 – November – City becomes capital of Azerbaijan People's Government.

University of Azerbaijan established

• 1946
  • Soviet troops retreat from the city.
  • November: Azerbaijan People's Government collapsed by Iranian Imperial Army.
• 1947 - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences established.

1950s–1990s

• 1950 – Tabriz International Airport begins operating.
• 1951 – Azarbayijan-i ayandah newspaper begins publication.^[26]
• 1956
  • Tabriz National Library founded.
  • Takhti Stadium (Tabriz) opens.
• 1958 – Azerbaijan Museum established.
• 1963 – Population: 387,803 (estimate).^[27]
• 1967 – As a beginning point to industrialization of the city Mashin Sazi Tabriz factory is established.
• 1968 – Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company (the biggest industrial complex in northwest of Iran at the time) established in Tabriz.
• 1969 – Machine Sazi Football Club formed.
• 1970 – Tractor Sazi Tabriz Football Club formed.
• 1973 – Reconstruction of Blue Mosque is accomplished.^[28]
• 1976 – June: Part of 1976 AFC Asian Cup's final tournament held in Baghe Shomal stadium, Tabriz.^[29]
• 1977 – 12 December: students' protest in University of Tabriz in anniversary of establishment of provincial government of Azerbaijan, was brutally attacked by the military units.^[30]
• 1978
  • February: As part of Iranian refinery complexes Tabriz oil refinery is established.^[31]
  • 18 February: The protest against shah became violent after one of the protesters shot dead. This incidence intensified the rise up of people through the country for revolution of 1979.^[30]
• 1979
  • February: City becomes part of Islamic Republic of Iran
  • December: large protest against unfair treatment of Azerbaijani minorities.^[32]
  • Varliq, a quarterly publication Azerbaijani magazine established.^[33]
• 1980
  • March: Protest in support challenging the new constitution suppressed brutally by central government.
  • September: Air strike on Tabriz Airport and Tabriz Oil Refinery by Iraqi Air force at the first day of Iran–Iraq War.^[34]
• 1982 – Population: 852,000 (estimate).^[35]
• 1986
  • Azerbaijan Cycling Tour (race) begins.
  • Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club formed.
• 1989
  • Sahand University of Technology established.
  • Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University established.^[36]
  • Tiz'houshan high schools established.^{[citation needed]}
• 1992
  • Tabriz International Exhibition begins.^[37]
  • East Azerbaijan Province split into a smaller East Azerbaijan Province, and Ardabil Province.
• 1995 – 21 May: Student protest against unfair treatment of Azerbaijani minority by IRIB.
• 1996
  • Yadegar-e Emam Stadium and Museum of Constitution open.
  • Population: 1,191,043.^[38]
• 1997 - Tabriz Islamic Arts University established.
• 1998
  • Hossein Farhangpour becomes mayor.
  • Tabriz Petrochemical Co is established.^[39]
• 1999
  • Student protest to support Tehran University's student movement for more political freedom.
  • Tabriz Art University established.
• 2000 – Provincial TV station of Sahand begins broadcasting.

21st century

• 2001 – Ehtesham Hajipour selected as new mayor of the city.
• 2002 – April: Tabriz Cartoon, an international annual cartoon contest started.
• 2006
  • Alireza Navin selected as new mayor of Tabriz.
  • Amir Nezam House museum^[40] and Iron Age Museum open.^[41]
  • May – Thousands of ethnic Azeris demonstrated in Tabriz against government official newspaper's (Iran) cartoon insulting Azerbaijani minority.^[42]
• 2009 – Gostaresh Foolad Football Club formed.
• 2010 – Bazaar Complex is inscribed as World Heritage Site.
• 2011
  • August: A protest for saving Lake Urmia is suppressed by police.^[43]
  • Population: 1,494,998.^[44]
• 2012
  • 18 February: Construction of the tallest building in city, Bloor Tower, is accomplished.^[45]
  • 11 August: A major earthquake in Varzaqan shocked Tabriz.^[46]
  • Air pollution in Tabriz reaches annual mean of 40 PM2.5 and 68 PM10, more than recommended.^[47]
• 2013
  • 14 June: Local election held.
  • 15 June: Thousands of city residents came to streets to celebrate the victory of Iranian moderate presidential candidate, Hassan Rowhani.^[48][49]
  • November: Sadegh Najafi-Khazarlou is selected as the 55th mayor of Tabriz.^[50]
• 2014
  • 29 March: Tabriz celebrated the earth hour for the first time by turning off Saat Tower's lights.^[51]
  • 25 December: Tabriz Soccer Museum is established.^[52]
  • City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 3.
• 2015
  • 27 August: First portion of Tabriz Metro started its services.
• 2017
  • 4 November: Iraj Shahin-Baher is selected as the 56th mayor of Tabriz.

See also

• Tabriz history
• Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Tehran, Yazd

References

This article incorporates information from the Azerbaijani Wikipedia, Turkish Wikipedia, and Croatian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• Jean Chardin (1691), The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies, through the Black Sea, and the country of Colchis, London: Christopher Bateman, p. 352+
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Tauris", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• William Ouseley (1823), "(Tabriz)", Travels in various countries of the East; more particularly Persia, London: Rodwell and Martin, OCLC 4198311
• Evliya Çelebi (1834). "(Tabriz)". Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. Vol. 2. Translated by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall. London: Oriental Translation Fund.
• Edward Balfour (1885), "Tabreez", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
• "Tabríz" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (9th ed.). 1888. pp. 18–19.
• Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Tabriz", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: J. Murray, ISBN 9780524062142, OCLC 8979039
• E.A. Brayley Hodgetts (1896). "(Tabreez)". Round about Armenia: the record of a journey across the Balkans through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t4wh2qf0d.
• A.V. Williams Jackson (1906), "Tabriz", Persia Past and Present: a Book of Travel and Research, New York: Macmillan
• Houtum-Schindler, Albert (1910). "Tabriz" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). p. 341.
• Charles Melville (1981). "Historical Monuments and Earthquakes in Tabriz". Iran. 19. Taylor & Francis: 159–177. doi:10.2307/4299714. JSTOR 4299714.
• Christoph Werner (2000). "The Amazon, the Sources of the Nile, and Tabriz: Nadir Mirza's Tarikh Va Jughrafi-yi Dar Al-saltana-yi Tabriz and the Local Historiography of Tabriz and Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 33 (1–2): 165–184. doi:10.1080/00210860008701980. S2CID 161280655.
• Christoph Werner (2000). An Iranian Town in Transition: A Social and Economic History of the Elites of Tabriz, 1747–1848. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
• C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Tabriz". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-9004153882.
• Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Tabriz", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
• "Tabriz". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780195309911.
• Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Tabriz". Encyclopædia Iranica.
• James D. Clark (2014). "Tabriz: the city in the 19th century". Encyclopædia Iranica.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Tabriz.

• Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Tabriz". Bibliographia Iranica. USA: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
• Items related to Tabriz, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Tabriz, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Images

Tabriz in 19th century

• 
  Tabriz map drawn in 1827.
• 
  Ruins of Ark castle, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Ruins of Blue Mosque, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Saheb-ol-Amr Mosque and Quru river, Eugène Flandin 1841
• 
  A house in Tabriz, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  A house in Tabriz, Eugène Flandin 1841.
• 
  Ruins of Blue Mosque, a painting of Jules Laurens, 1872.
• 
  Wedding ceremony of Etezad-ol-Saltaneh in Aali Qapu, 19th century.
• 
  Hail ceremony to the King Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, during his residence in Tabriz as Crown Prince, Aali Qapu, late 1800s.

Tabriz during constitutional revolution

• 
  Map of the siege of Tabriz during Constitutional Revolution, on 27 September 1908.
• 
  An sketch of revolutionists defending Davachi bridge in London News, Tabriz (1 May 1909).
• 
  Constitutionals in Tabriz, early 20th century.
• 
  Constitutional forces in Tabriz, early 20th century.
• 
  Ark of Tabriz and US Flag in the days after constitutional revolution, 1911.

Tabriz invasion during WWII

• 
  Soviet artillery units in passing through Tabriz, 1940s
• 
  Soviet Tank and troops marching through Tabriz, 1940s
• 
  Soviet T-26 Tank passing through main street of Tabriz, 1940s