Sattler's layer

Sattler's layer
Details
Identifiers
Latin	lamina vasculosa
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Sattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (or six^[a]) layers of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid, and a layer of the eye. It is situated between the Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris below, and the Haller's layer and suprachoroidea above, respectively.^[2] The origin seems to be related to a continuous differentiation throughout the growth of the tissue and even further differentiation during adulthood.^[3]^[4]

Measurement methods and clinical impact

After excision the choroid collapses partially, histologic preparations also alter the local pressure and fluid content of different sections in the tissue, thus requiring preparations with rubber solution or others that can conserve the vascular status of living tissue. Novel diagnostic methods, especially optical coherence tomography have widened the understanding of the real-time, in vivo status of the different layers.^[5]

Several papers have shown the relationship between the thickness of the choroidal, Sattler's and Haller's layer between healthy individuals and in people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).^[6] The studies showed significant reduction of layer thickness in relation to the progression of AMD, which may be important in the understanding of choriopathy in the pathophysiology of AMD. However, also strong variations even throughout the diurnal cycle,^[7] as well as the influence of optical stimuli during eye-growth,^[8] indicate that the complex function of this tissue is not entirely understood and might be one of the reasons for the frequently found separation in vascular size between Haller's and Sattler's layer.

Notes

^ Some authors consider the vascular region of the choroid as being two separate layers, namely Sattler's and Haller's layer,^[1] and some consider the lamina fusca as being either of scleral or choroidal origin.

References

^ Sattler, Hubert (1876). "Ueber den Feineren Bau der Chorioidea des Menschen nebst Beitraegen zur Pathologischen und Vergleichenden Anatomie der Aderhaut". Albrecht von Graefe's Archiv für Ophthalmologie. 22 (2): 1–100. doi:10.1007/bf01705015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
^ L. Nickla, Debora; Wallman, Josh (2010). "The Multifunctional Choroid". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 29 (2): 144–168. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002. PMC 2913695. PMID 20044062.
^ Heimann, K. (1976-01-01). "The Development of the Choroidal Vascular System". In Laey, J. J. De (ed.). International Symposium on Fluorescein Angiography Ghent 28 March—1 April 1976. Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series. Vol. 9. Springer Netherlands. pp. 181–186. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1573-8_31. ISBN 9789061931492.
^ Howard, Harvey (1917-01-01). "A Case Showing Multiple Congenital Abnormalities of the Eye; the Origin of the Vitreous Indicated by One of Them". Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. 15: 244–301. ISSN 0065-9533. PMC 1318126. PMID 16692420.
^ Považay, Boris; Bizheva, K.; Hermann, B.; Unterhuber, A.; Sattmann, H.; Fercher, A.; Drexler, W.; Schubert, C.; Ahnelt, P. (2003-08-25). "Enhanced visualization of choroidal vessels using ultrahigh resolution ophthalmic OCT at 1050 nm" (PDF). Optics Express. 11 (17): 1980–1986. Bibcode:2003OExpr..11.1980P. doi:10.1364/oe.11.001980. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 19466083.
^ Esmaeelpour, M.; Ansari-Shahrezaei, S.; Glittenberg, C.; Nemetz, S.; Kraus, M.F. (22 July 2014). "Choroid, Haller's, and Sattler's layer thickness in intermediate age-related macular degeneration with and without fellow neovascular eyes". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 55 (8): 5074–80. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14646. PMC 4132555. PMID 25052997.
^ Brown, Jamin S.; Flitcroft, D. Ian; Ying, Gui-shuang; Francis, Ellie L.; Schmid, Gregor F.; Quinn, Graham E.; Stone, Richard A. (2009-01-01). "In Vivo Human Choroidal Thickness Measurements: Evidence for Diurnal Fluctuations". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 50 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1779. ISSN 1552-5783. PMC 4112498. PMID 18719079.
^ Lam, Carly Siu Yin; Tang, Wing Chun; Tse, Dennis Yan-Yin; Tang, Ying Yung; To, Chi Ho (2014-01-01). "Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 98 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303914. ISSN 1468-2079. PMC 3888618. PMID 24169657.

Anatomy of the globe of the human eye

Fibrous tunic
(outer)

Sclera	Episcleral layer Schlemm's canal Trabecular meshwork
Cornea	Limbus layers Epithelium Bowman's Stroma Dua's layer Descemet's Endothelium

Uvea / vascular
tunic (middle)

Choroid	Capillary lamina of choroid Bruch's membrane Sattler's layer
Ciliary body	Ciliary processes Ciliary muscle Pars plicata Pars plana
Iris	Stroma Pupil Iris dilator muscle Iris sphincter muscle

Retina (inner)

Layers	Inner limiting membrane Nerve fiber layer Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane Layer of rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium
Cells	Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell, Muller glia
Other	Macula Perifoveal area Parafoveal area Fovea Foveal avascular zone Foveola Optic disc Optic cup Ora serrata

Anatomical regions
of the eye

Anterior segment	Adnexa (Eyebrow, Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal system, Orbit) Fibrous tunic Anterior chamber Aqueous humour Iris Posterior chamber Ciliary body Lens Capsule of lens Zonule of Zinn
Posterior segment	Vitreous chamber Vitreous body Retina Choroid