Nityakarma

Obligatory Vedic duties in Hinduism

Nityakarma (Sanskrit: नित्यकर्म, romanized: Nityakarma) refers to obligatory Vedic duties that are prescribed for daily practice in Hinduism.[1][2] Nityakarma is among the three ritual actions classified by the Mimamsa philosophy, along with nisiddhakarma and kamyakarma.[3] It is also featured in the Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy.[4]

Description

According to Parasara, the six activities are regarded to be nityakarmas:[5]

  • Snana (bathing)
  • Sandhyavandanam (morning and evening prayers)[6]
  • Recitation of the Vedas
  • Veneration of ancestors
  • Homam (offerings to fire)[7]
  • Tarpana (worship of the gods)[8]

See also

  • Kamyakarma
  • Shrauta

References

  1. ^ Grimes, John A. (1 January 1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. SUNY Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-7914-3067-5.
  2. ^ Besser-Jones, Lorraine; Slote, Michael (20 February 2015). The Routledge Companion to Virtue Ethics. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-135-09668-7.
  3. ^ Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (21 August 2012). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-135-18979-2.
  4. ^ Flood, Gavin; Flood, Professor of Hindu Studies and Comparative Religion Gavin (July 2020). The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice. Oxford University Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-19-873350-8.
  5. ^ Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1891). Brāhmanism and Hindūism: Or, Religious Thought and Life in India, as Based on the Veda and Other Sacred Books of the Hindūs. J. Murray. p. 158. ISBN 978-81-7755-873-9.
  6. ^ Sinha, Jadunath (1 January 2016). Indian Philosophy Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 872. ISBN 978-81-208-3651-8.
  7. ^ Uskokov, Aleksandar (22 September 2022). The Philosophy of the Brahma-sutra: An Introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-350-15003-4.
  8. ^ Madan, T. N. (3 November 2010). The T.N. Madan Omnibus: The Hindu Householder. Oxford University Press. p. 386. ISBN 978-0-19-908831-7.
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