NGC 6357

Emission nebula in the constellation Scorpius

NGC 6357
Emission nebula
H II region
NGC 6357 composite image
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension	17^h 24^m ^[1]
Declination	−34° 20′^[1]
Distance	~5900±450^[2] ly (1800±140 pc)
Constellation	Scorpius^[3]

Designations	War and Peace Nebula,^[1] Lobster Nebula ^[4] Sharpless 11, RCW 131, Gum 66, Madokami
See also: Lists of nebulae

NGC 6357 is a diffuse nebula near NGC 6334 in the constellation Scorpius. The nebula contains many proto-stars shielded by dark discs of gas, and young stars wrapped in expanding "cocoons" or expanding gases surrounding these small stars. It is also known as the Lobster Nebula.^[4]^[5] This nebula was given the name War and Peace Nebula by the Midcourse Space Experiment scientists because of its appearance, which, in infrared images the bright, western part resembles a dove, while the eastern part looks like a skull.^[6] A petition by anime fans to rename it as the Madokami nebula, due to resemblance with a character, was unsuccessful.^[7]^[8]

It is located about ~5,500 light years away from Earth.^[9]

Associated open clusters

Pismis 24

This nebula includes the open cluster Pismis 24, which is home to several massive stars. One of the brightest stars in the cluster, Pismis 24-1, was thought possibly to be the most massive on record, approaching 300 solar masses, until it was discovered to be a multiple system of at least three stars; component stars would still remain near 100 solar masses each, making them among the more massive stars on record.^[10]^[11]

G353.2+0.7

The young stellar cluster G353.2+0.7 lies east of Pismis 24 and was revealed by a Chandra X-ray image showing approximately 800 stars.^[12]

G353.1+0.6

The young stellar cluster G353.1+0.6 lies southeast of Pismis 24 and also contains approximately 800 stars detected by X-ray.^[12] The region includes several O-type stars, including [BDSB2003] 10.^[13]

Massive stars

NGC 6357 is one of the most prominent sites of massive-star formation in our neighborhood of the Milky Way. A variety of early O-type stars reside in this nebula, blowing the bubbles around the star clusters that can be seen in the molecular cloud.

Prominent stars in Pismis 24^[14]
Star name	Spectral type	Magnitude (M_bol)	Temperature^[15] (K)	Radius (`R`_☉)	Mass (`M`_☉)
WR 93 (HD 157504)	WC7	-11.2	71,000	10	120
Pismis 24-1NE	O3.5 If^*	−10.0	42,000	17	74
Pismis 24-1SW	O4 III	−9.8	41,500	16	66
Pismis 24-2	O5.5 V(f)	−8.9	40,000	12	43
Pismis 24-3	O8 V	−7.7	33,400	9	25
Pismis 24-10	O9 V	−7.2	31,500	8	20
Pismis 24-12	B1 V	−5.3	30,000	4	11
Pismis 24-13	O6.5 III((f))	−8.6	35,600	12	35
Pismis 24-15	O8 V	−7.8	33,400	10	25
Pismis 24-16	O7.5 V	−9.0	34,000	16	38
Pismis 24-17	O3.5 III	−10.1	42,700	17	78
Pismis 24-18	B0.5 V	−6.4	30,000	6	15
Pismis 24-19	B0.5 V	−5.4	30,000	4	11

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "NGC 6357". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
^ Kuhn, Michael A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Getman, Konstantin V. (2018). "Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2". The Astrophysical Journal. 870 (1): 32. arXiv:1807.02115. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c. S2CID 119328315.
^ R. W. Sinnott, ed. (1988). The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters by J. L. E. Dreyer. Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
^ ^a ^b Sample, Ian (20 February 2013). "Lobster Nebula – birthplace of stars – revealed in infrared". the Guardian.
^ "Lobster Nebula Seen with ESO's VISTA Telescope Space Wallpaper". Space.com. 25 February 2013.
^ "2MASS Picture of the Week Archive Captions".
^ "There Is A New Petition To Name A Nebula After "Ultimate Madoka"". crunchyroll.com.
^ "NGC 6357. The Lobster Nebula". astrodrudis.com.
^ "Winter Wonderland' Glows in Space as Nebula Is Wreathed in Wintry Colors". Space.com. 20 December 2016.
^ "ESA Science & Technology: Star on a Hubble diet NGC 6357". Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (19 December 2006). "NASA: Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA.
^ ^a ^b Townsley, L. K.; et al. (2014). "The Massive Star-Forming Regions Omnibus X-Ray Catalog". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 213 (1): 1. arXiv:1403.2576. Bibcode:2014ApJS..213....1T. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/1. S2CID 76658453.
^ Damke, G.; et al. (2006). "The open cluster G353.1+0.7 in NGC6357". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 26: 180. Bibcode:2006RMxAC..26..180D.
^ Fang, M.; Van Boekel, R.; King, R. R.; Henning, T.; Bouwman, J.; Doi, Y.; Okamoto, Y. K.; Roccatagliata, V.; Sicilia-Aguilar, A. (2012). "Star formation and disk properties in Pismis 24". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 539: A119. arXiv:1201.0833. Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.119F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015914. S2CID 73612793.
^ Martins, F.; Schaerer, D.; Hillier, D. J. (2005). "A new calibration of stellar parameters of Galactic O stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 436 (3): 1049–1065. arXiv:astro-ph/0503346. Bibcode:2005A&A...436.1049M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042386. S2CID 39162419.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to NGC 6357.

European Southern Observatory infrared image
Slate blog about the nebula
APOD Pictures:

Star Forming Region NGC 6357 showing complex interactions between interstellar winds, radiation pressures and magnetic fields.
A Massive Star in NGC 6357 with a close-up of Pismis 24.
NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars
A Massive Star in NGC 6357
NGC 6357: Cathedral to Massive Stars
NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula

Sharpless catalog

Sh2-1
Sh2-2
Sh2-3
Sh2-4
Sh2-5
Sh2-6
Sh2-7
Sh2-8
Sh2-9
Sh2-10
Sh2-11
Sh2-12
Sh2-13
Sh2-14
Sh2-15
Sh2-16
Sh2-17
Sh2-18
Sh2-19
Sh2-20
Sh2-21
Sh2-22
Sh2-23
Sh2-24
Sh2-25
Sh2-26
Sh2-27
Sh2-28
Sh2-29
Sh2-30
Sh2-31
Sh2-32
Sh2-33
Sh2-34
Sh2-35
Sh2-36
Sh2-37
Sh2-38
Sh2-39
Sh2-40
Sh2-41
Sh2-42
Sh2-43
Sh2-44
Sh2-45
Sh2-46
Sh2-47
Sh2-48
Sh2-49
Sh2-50
Sh2-51
Sh2-52
Sh2-53
Sh2-54
Sh2-55
Sh2-56
Sh2-57
Sh2-58
Sh2-59
Sh2-60
Sh2-61
Sh2-62
Sh2-63
Sh2-64
Sh2-65
Sh2-66
Sh2-67
Sh2-68
Sh2-69
Sh2-70
Sh2-71
Sh2-72
Sh2-73
Sh2-74
Sh2-75
Sh2-76
Sh2-77
Sh2-78
Sh2-79
Sh2-80
Sh2-81
Sh2-82
Sh2-83
Sh2-84
Sh2-85
Sh2-86
Sh2-87
Sh2-88
Sh2-89
Sh2-90
Sh2-91
Sh2-92
Sh2-93
Sh2-94
Sh2-95
Sh2-96
Sh2-97
Sh2-98
Sh2-99
Sh2-100
Sh2-101
Sh2-102
Sh2-103
Sh2-104
Sh2-105
Sh2-106
Sh2-107
Sh2-108
Sh2-109
Sh2-110
Sh2-111
Sh2-112
Sh2-113
Sh2-114
Sh2-115
Sh2-116
Sh2-117
Sh2-118
Sh2-119
Sh2-120
Sh2-121
Sh2-122
Sh2-123
Sh2-124
Sh2-125
Sh2-126
Sh2-127
Sh2-128
Sh2-129
Sh2-130
Sh2-131
Sh2-132
Sh2-133
Sh2-134
Sh2-135
Sh2-136
Sh2-137
Sh2-138
Sh2-139
Sh2-140
Sh2-141
Sh2-142
Sh2-143
Sh2-144
Sh2-145
Sh2-146
Sh2-147
Sh2-148
Sh2-149
Sh2-150
Sh2-151
Sh2-152
Sh2-153
Sh2-154
Sh2-155
Sh2-156
Sh2-157
Sh2-158
Sh2-159
Sh2-160
Sh2-161
Sh2-162
Sh2-163
Sh2-164
Sh2-165
Sh2-166
Sh2-167
Sh2-168
Sh2-169
Sh2-170
Sh2-171
Sh2-172
Sh2-173
Sh2-174
Sh2-175
Sh2-176
Sh2-177
Sh2-178
Sh2-179
Sh2-180
Sh2-181
Sh2-182
Sh2-183
Sh2-184
Sh2-185
Sh2-186
Sh2-187
Sh2-188
Sh2-189
Sh2-190
Sh2-191
Sh2-192
Sh2-193
Sh2-194
Sh2-195
Sh2-196
Sh2-197
Sh2-198
Sh2-199
Sh2-201
Sh2-202
Sh2-203
Sh2-204
Sh2-205
Sh2-206
Sh2-207
Sh2-208
Sh2-209
Sh2-210
Sh2-211
Sh2-212
Sh2-213
Sh2-214
Sh2-215
Sh2-216
Sh2-217
Sh2-218
Sh2-219
Sh2-220
Sh2-221
Sh2-222
Sh2-223
Sh2-224
Sh2-225
Sh2-226
Sh2-227
Sh2-228
Sh2-229
Sh2-230
Sh2-231
Sh2-232
Sh2-233
Sh2-234
Sh2-235
Sh2-236
Sh2-237
Sh2-238
Sh2-239
Sh2-240
Sh2-241
Sh2-242
Sh2-243
Sh2-244
Sh2-245
Sh2-246
Sh2-247
Sh2-248
Sh2-249
Sh2-250
Sh2-251
Sh2-252
Sh2-253
Sh2-254
Sh2-255
Sh2-256
Sh2-257
Sh2-258
Sh2-259
Sh2-260
Sh2-261
Sh2-262
Sh2-263
Sh2-264
Sh2-265
Sh2-266
Sh2-267
Sh2-268
Sh2-269
Sh2-270
Sh2-271
Sh2-272
Sh2-273
Sh2-274
Sh2-275
Sh2-276
Sh2-277
Sh2-278
Sh2-279
Sh2-280
Sh2-281
Sh2-282
Sh2-283
Sh2-284
Sh2-285
Sh2-286
Sh2-287
Sh2-288
Sh2-289
Sh2-290
Sh2-291
Sh2-292
Sh2-293
Sh2-294
Sh2-295
Sh2-296
Sh2-297
Sh2-298
Sh2-299
Sh2-301
Sh2-302
Sh2-303
Sh2-304
Sh2-305
Sh2-306
Sh2-307
Sh2-308
Sh2-309
Sh2-310
Sh2-311
Sh2-312
Sh2-313

v t e RCW Catalogue
RCW 1 RCW 2 RCW 3 RCW 4 RCW 5 RCW 6 RCW 7 RCW 8 RCW 9 RCW 10 RCW 11 RCW 12 RCW 13 RCW 14 RCW 15 RCW 16 RCW 17 RCW 18 RCW 19 RCW 20 RCW 21 RCW 22 RCW 23 RCW 24 RCW 25 RCW 26 RCW 27 RCW 28 RCW 29 RCW 30 RCW 31 RCW 32 RCW 33 RCW 34 RCW 35 RCW 36 RCW 37 RCW 38 RCW 39 RCW 40 RCW 41 RCW 42 RCW 43 RCW 44 RCW 45 RCW 46 RCW 47 RCW 48 RCW 49 RCW 50 RCW 51 RCW 52 RCW 53 RCW 54 RCW 55 RCW 56 RCW 57 RCW 58 RCW 59 RCW 60 RCW 61 RCW 62 RCW 63 RCW 64 RCW 65 RCW 66 RCW 67 RCW 68 RCW 69 RCW 70 RCW 71 RCW 72 RCW 73 RCW 74 RCW 75 RCW 76 RCW 77 RCW 78 RCW 79 RCW 80 RCW 81 RCW 82 RCW 83 RCW 84 RCW 85 RCW 86 RCW 87 RCW 88 RCW 89 RCW 90 RCW 91 RCW 92 RCW 93 RCW 94 RCW 95 RCW 96 RCW 97 RCW 98 RCW 99 RCW 100 RCW 101 RCW 102 RCW 103 RCW 104 RCW 105 RCW 106 RCW 107 RCW 108 RCW 109 RCW 110 RCW 111 RCW 112 RCW 113 RCW 114 RCW 115 RCW 116 RCW 117 RCW 118 RCW 119 RCW 120 RCW 121 RCW 122 RCW 123 RCW 124 RCW 125 RCW 126 RCW 127 RCW 128 RCW 129 RCW 130 RCW 131 RCW 132 RCW 133 RCW 134 RCW 135 RCW 136 RCW 137 RCW 138 RCW 139 RCW 140 RCW 141 RCW 142 RCW 143 RCW 144 RCW 145 RCW 146 RCW 147 RCW 148 RCW 149 RCW 150 RCW 151 RCW 152 RCW 153 RCW 154 RCW 155 RCW 156 RCW 157 RCW 158 RCW 159 RCW 160 RCW 161 RCW 162 RCW 163 RCW 164 RCW 165 RCW 166 RCW 167 RCW 168 RCW 169 RCW 170 RCW 171 RCW 172 RCW 173 RCW 174 RCW 175 RCW 176 RCW 177 RCW 178 RCW 179 RCW 180 RCW 181 RCW 182
See also: Emission nebula H I region H II region

RCW Catalogue

RCW 1
RCW 2
RCW 3
RCW 4
RCW 5
RCW 6
RCW 7
RCW 8
RCW 9
RCW 10
RCW 11
RCW 12
RCW 13
RCW 14
RCW 15
RCW 16
RCW 17
RCW 18
RCW 19
RCW 20
RCW 21
RCW 22
RCW 23
RCW 24
RCW 25
RCW 26
RCW 27
RCW 28
RCW 29
RCW 30
RCW 31
RCW 32
RCW 33
RCW 34
RCW 35
RCW 36
RCW 37
RCW 38
RCW 39
RCW 40
RCW 41
RCW 42
RCW 43
RCW 44
RCW 45
RCW 46
RCW 47
RCW 48
RCW 49
RCW 50
RCW 51
RCW 52
RCW 53
RCW 54
RCW 55
RCW 56
RCW 57
RCW 58
RCW 59
RCW 60
RCW 61
RCW 62
RCW 63
RCW 64
RCW 65
RCW 66
RCW 67
RCW 68
RCW 69
RCW 70
RCW 71
RCW 72
RCW 73
RCW 74
RCW 75
RCW 76
RCW 77
RCW 78
RCW 79
RCW 80
RCW 81
RCW 82
RCW 83
RCW 84
RCW 85
RCW 86
RCW 87
RCW 88
RCW 89
RCW 90
RCW 91
RCW 92
RCW 93
RCW 94
RCW 95
RCW 96
RCW 97
RCW 98
RCW 99
RCW 100
RCW 101
RCW 102
RCW 103
RCW 104
RCW 105
RCW 106
RCW 107
RCW 108
RCW 109
RCW 110
RCW 111
RCW 112
RCW 113
RCW 114
RCW 115
RCW 116
RCW 117
RCW 118
RCW 119
RCW 120
RCW 121
RCW 122
RCW 123
RCW 124
RCW 125
RCW 126
RCW 127
RCW 128
RCW 129
RCW 130
RCW 131
RCW 132
RCW 133
RCW 134
RCW 135
RCW 136
RCW 137
RCW 138
RCW 139
RCW 140
RCW 141
RCW 142
RCW 143
RCW 144
RCW 145
RCW 146
RCW 147
RCW 148
RCW 149
RCW 150
RCW 151
RCW 152
RCW 153
RCW 154
RCW 155
RCW 156
RCW 157
RCW 158
RCW 159
RCW 160
RCW 161
RCW 162
RCW 163
RCW 164
RCW 165
RCW 166
RCW 167
RCW 168
RCW 169
RCW 170
RCW 171
RCW 172
RCW 173
RCW 174
RCW 175
RCW 176
RCW 177
RCW 178
RCW 179
RCW 180
RCW 181
RCW 182

v t e Gum Catalog
Colin Stanley Gum
Gum 1 Gum 2 Gum 3 Gum 4 Gum 5 Gum 6 Gum 7 Gum 8 Gum 9 Gum 10 Gum 12 Gum 13 Gum 14 Gum 15 Gum 16 Gum 17 Gum 18 Gum 19 Gum 20 Gum 21 Gum 22 Gum 23 Gum 24 Gum 25 Gum 26 Gum 27 Gum 28 Gum 29 Gum 30 Gum 31 Gum 32 Gum 33 Gum 34 Gum 35 Gum 36 Gum 37 Gum 38 Gum 39 Gum 40 Gum 41 Gum 42 Gum 43 Gum 44 Gum 45 Gum 46 Gum 47 Gum 48 Gum 49 Gum 50 Gum 51 Gum 52 Gum 53 Gum 54 Gum 55 Gum 56 Gum 57 Gum 58 Gum 59 Gum 60 Gum 61 Gum 62 Gum 63 Gum 64 Gum 65 Gum 66 Gum 67 Gum 68 Gum 69 Gum 70 Gum 71 Gum 72 Gum 73 Gum 74 Gum 75 Gum 76 Gum 77 Gum 78 Gum 79 Gum 80 Gum 81 Gum 82 Gum 83 Gum 84 Gum 85
See also: Gum Nebula

v t e New General Catalogue 6000 to 6499
6000 6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6006 6007 6008 6009 6010 6011 6012 6013 6014 6015 6016 6017 6018 6019 6020 6021 6022 6023 6024 6025 6026 6027 6028 6029 6030 6031 6032 6033 6034 6035 6036 6037 6038 6039 6040 6041 6042 6043 6044 6045 6046 6047 6048 6049 6050 6051 6052 6053 6054 6055 6056 6057 6058 6059 6060 6061 6062 6063 6064 6065 6066 6067 6068 6069 6070 6071 6072 6073 6074 6075 6076 6077 6078 6079 6080 6081 6082 6083 6084 6085 6086 6087 6088 6089 6090 6091 6092 6093 6094 6095 6096 6097 6098 6099 6100 6101 6102 6103 6104 6105 6106 6107 6108 6109 6110 6111 6112 6113 6114 6115 6116 6117 6118 6119 6120 6121 6122 6123 6124 6125 6126 6127 6128 6129 6130 6131 6132 6133 6134 6135 6136 6137 6138 6139 6140 6141 6142 6143 6144 6145 6146 6147 6148 6149 6150 6151 6152 6153 6154 6155 6156 6157 6158 6159 6160 6161 6162 6163 6164 6165 6166 6167 6168 6169 6170 6171 6172 6173 6174 6175 6176 6177 6178 6179 6180 6181 6182 6183 6184 6185 6186 6187 6188 6189 6190 6191 6192 6193 6194 6195 6196 6197 6198 6199 6200 6201 6202 6203 6204 6205 6206 6207 6208 6209 6210 6211 6212 6213 6214 6215 6216 6217 6218 6219 6220 6221 6222 6223 6224 6225 6226 6227 6228 6229 6230 6231 6232 6233 6234 6235 6236 6237 6238 6239 6240 6241 6242 6243 6244 6245 6246 6247 6248 6249 6250 6251 6252 6253 6254 6255 6256 6257 6258 6259 6260 6261 6262 6263 6264 6265 6266 6267 6268 6269 6270 6271 6272 6273 6274 6275 6276 6277 6278 6279 6280 6281 6282 6283 6284 6285 6286 6287 6288 6289 6290 6291 6292 6293 6294 6295 6296 6297 6298 6299 6300 6301 6302 6303 6304 6305 6306 6307 6308 6309 6310 6311 6312 6313 6314 6315 6316 6317 6318 6319 6320 6321 6322 6323 6324 6325 6326 6327 6328 6329 6330 6331 6332 6333 6334 6335 6336 6337 6338 6339 6340 6341 6342 6343 6344 6345 6346 6347 6348 6349 6350 6351 6352 6353 6354 6355 6356 6357 6358 6359 6360 6361 6362 6363 6364 6365 6366 6367 6368 6369 6370 6371 6372 6373 6374 6375 6376 6377 6378 6379 6380 6381 6382 6383 6384 6385 6386 6387 6388 6389 6390 6391 6392 6393 6394 6395 6396 6397 6398 6399 6400 6401 6402 6403 6404 6405 6406 6407 6408 6409 6410 6411 6412 6413 6414 6415 6416 6417 6418 6419 6420 6421 6422 6423 6424 6425 6426 6427 6428 6429 6430 6431 6432 6433 6434 6435 6436 6437 6438 6439 6440 6441 6442 6443 6444 6445 6446 6447 6448 6449 6450 6451 6452 6453 6454 6455 6456 6457 6458 6459 6460 6461 6462 6463 6464 6465 6466 6467 6468 6469 6470 6471 6472 6473 6474 6475 6476 6477 6478 6479 6480 6481 6482 6483 6484 6485 6486 6487 6488 6489 6490 6491 6492 6493 6494 6495 6496 6497 6498 6499
Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects

New General Catalogue 6000 to 6499