Misail Pstruch

Misail Pstruch (Polish: Mizael Piestrucz; born undetermined date, died fall of 1480 or winter of 1480/81) was the acting Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' ^[a] in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople of the Eastern Orthodox Church.^[1] While he was recognised by King Casimir IV Jagiellon, he was not recognised by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Misail is better known for his letter to Pope Sixtus IV in connection to the Florentine Union.

His real last name was Pestrutsky of Belarusian boyar family Drutsky-Sokolinsky-Babych. Misail established on his funds the Saint Trinity monastery in Czereja (today Chareja, Belarus) where he served as an archimandrite. In the beginning of 1450 he was appointed as the Archbishop of Smolensk.^[2] In 1454 (or 1456) he traveled to the Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily the Blind for the miraculous icon of Theotokos of Smolensk that was taken away in 1404. The Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily the Blind released the icon with special church honors and left in Moscow its exact copy.

Following the death of Metropolitan of Kiev Gregory the Bulgarian in 1474, Misail became his successor. Confirmation of Misail in metropolitan see by the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV Jagiellon, was delayed. According to Mykhailo Hrushevsky, the delay in his appointment might have been due to the resistance of the clergy of the Latin Church who were irked by the precedent of appointing Gregory the Bulgarian to the metropolitan see by the Pope.^[1] During that time in 1476 the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Raphael I consecrated a native of the Grand Duchy of Tver Spyridon as the Metropolitan bishop of Kiev. After arriving to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Spyridon was imprisoned by state authorities and was released only in 1482 (after the death of Misail).

Notes

^ The title is also known as the Metropolis of Kiev, Halych and all Rus' or Metropolis of Kyiv, Halychyna, and All-Rus'. The name "Galicia" is a Latinized form of Halych, one of several regional principalities of the medieval state of Kievan Rus'.

References

^ ^a ^b Hrushevskyi M. Hierarchal relations (ЄРАРХІЧНІ ВІДНОСИНИ). History of Ukraine-Russia (at Izbornik).
^ Pstruch, Mysail. Encyclopedia of Ukraine

External links

Mytsyk, Yu. Misail Pstruch (МИСАЇЛ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2009

Preceded by

Gregory the Bulgarian

Metropolitan of Kiev and All-Rus'
1474–1480 (acting)

Succeeded by

Simeon of Kiev

Metropolitans of Kiev and all Rus' in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople

Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'
(988–1281)

(Michael and Leontius)
Theophylact
John
Teopempt
(Hilarion)^u
Ephraim
George (1069–1073)
John II
John III
Nicholas
Nikephoros
Nikita
Michael II
(Clyment)^u
Costantine
Teodor
John IV
Costantine II
John V
Nikephoros II
Matthew
Сyril
Joseph
(Peter)^u
Kirill II (1250–1281)
sede vacante (1281–1283)

Partition of the metropolis
(1283–1378)

Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' (episcopal seat in Moscow)	Maximus (1283–1305) Peter (1305–1326) (as Metropolitan of the reunited Kiev and all Rus') Theognostus (1328–1353) Alexius (1354–1378) Cyprian (2 December 1375–12 February 1378) (As "Metropolitan of Kiev, Russia and Lithuania") Pimen^u Dionysius^u
Metropolis of Halych	Niphont (1303–1305) sede vacante (1305–1326) Gabriel (1326–1329) Theodore (1337–1347) Antoniy (1370–1391) (Metropolitan of those Halych eparchies within Poland)
Metropolis of Lithuania	Theophilus (c. 1317–1330) sede vacante (1330–1355)
Metropolis of Lithuania-Volhynia	Roman (1355–1362) (merged metropolises of Lithuania and Halych) Administered by Alexius (1362–1378) Metropolis disestablished. Territory reunited to the Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus' Gregory Tsamblak (1414–1420 in pretense)^u

Reunited Metropolis
(1378–1441)

Cyprian (restored 12 February 1378–1406)
Photius (1408–1431)
Gerasimus (1431–1437)
Isidore (1437–1441) Later, as the uniate Metropolitan (1441–1458)^b

Parallel successions
(1441–1596)

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1441 - 1596) (Recognised by Constantinople)	Gregory^b (1458–1473) Spyridon (1476–1482) Misail^u (1474–1480) Simeon (1481–1488) Jonah (1488–1494) Macarius Joseph Jonah II Joseph II Joseph III Macarius II Sylvester Jonah III Elias Onesiphorus Michael^b (1588–1596)
Metropolis of Moscow and all Russia (Not recognised by Constantinople)	Jonah (1448–1461)^u Theodosius (1461–1464)^u Philip I (1464–1473)^u Gerontius (1473–1489)^u Zosimus (1490–1494)^u Simon (1495–1511)^u Varlaam (1511–1521)^u Daniel (1522–1539)^u Joasaphus (1539–1542)^u Macarius (1542–1563)^u Athanasius (1564–1566)^u Herman (1566–1566)^u Philip II (1566–1568)^u Cyril (1568–;1572)^u Anthony (1572–1581)^u Dionysius (1581–1587)^u Job (1587–1589 Later raised to Patriarch)

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'
(1441 - 1596)
(Recognised by Constantinople)

Gregory^b (1458–1473)
Spyridon (1476–1482)
- Misail^u (1474–1480)
Simeon (1481–1488)
Jonah (1488–1494)
Macarius
Joseph
Jonah II
Joseph II
Joseph III
Macarius II
Sylvester
Jonah III
Elias
Onesiphorus
Michael^b (1588–1596)

Metropolis of Moscow and all Russia
(Not recognised by Constantinople)

Jonah (1448–1461)^u
Theodosius (1461–1464)^u
Philip I (1464–1473)^u
Gerontius (1473–1489)^u
Zosimus (1490–1494)^u
Simon (1495–1511)^u
Varlaam (1511–1521)^u
Daniel (1522–1539)^u
Joasaphus (1539–1542)^u
Macarius (1542–1563)^u
Athanasius (1564–1566)^u
Herman (1566–1566)^u
Philip II (1566–1568)^u
Cyril (1568–;1572)^u
Anthony (1572–1581)^u
Dionysius (1581–1587)^u
Job (1587–1589 Later raised to Patriarch)

Parallel successions
(1596–1805)

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Ruthenian Uniate Church) (In communion with the Holy See)	Michael (1596–1599)^c Hypatius Pociej (1599–1613)^c Joseph I (1613–1637)^c Rafajil Korsak (1637–1640)^c Antin Sielava (1641–1655)^c Sede vacante (1655–1665) Havryil Kolenda (1665–1674)^c Kyprian Zochovskyj (1674–1693)^c Leo I (1695–1708)^c Yurij (1710–1713)^c Leo II (1714–1728)^c Athanasius (1729–1746)^c Florian (1748–1762)^c Felicjan I (1762–1778)^c Leo III (1778–1779)^c Jason (1781–1788)^c Theodosius (1788–1805)^c
Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (1620–1686) (Recognised as an exarchate by Constantinople)	Job Boretsky (1620–1631) Isaiah Kopinsky (1631–1632) Petro Mohyla (1632–1646) Sylvester Kosiv (1647–1657) Dionysius Balaban (1657–1663) Joseph Neliubovich-Tukalsky (1663–75) (Antony Vinnytsky (1663–1679 in opposition)^u Sede vacante (1675–1685)

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia
(Ruthenian Uniate Church)
(In communion with the Holy See)

Michael (1596–1599)^c
Hypatius Pociej (1599–1613)^c
Joseph I (1613–1637)^c
Rafajil Korsak (1637–1640)^c
Antin Sielava (1641–1655)^c
Sede vacante (1655–1665)
Havryil Kolenda (1665–1674)^c
Kyprian Zochovskyj (1674–1693)^c
Leo I (1695–1708)^c
Yurij (1710–1713)^c
Leo II (1714–1728)^c
Athanasius (1729–1746)^c
Florian (1748–1762)^c
Felicjan I (1762–1778)^c
Leo III (1778–1779)^c
Jason (1781–1788)^c
Theodosius (1788–1805)^c

Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'
(1620–1686)
(Recognised as an exarchate by Constantinople)

Job Boretsky (1620–1631)
Isaiah Kopinsky (1631–1632)
Petro Mohyla (1632–1646)
Sylvester Kosiv (1647–1657)
Dionysius Balaban (1657–1663)
Joseph Neliubovich-Tukalsky (1663–75)
(Antony Vinnytsky (1663–1679 in opposition)^u
Sede vacante (1675–1685)

Metropolis today

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the metropolis was absorbed by the Patriarchate of Moscow as the Metropolis of Kiev.
In the Catholic Church, the metropolis of the uniate church remains as a sui juris particular church - the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

^c Recognised by Rome alone; ^b Recognised by both Rome and Constantinople; ^u Not recognised by Constantinople

v t e Eastern Orthodox Bishops of Smolensk (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)
Bishops	Ignatius I Lazarus I Emanuel the Greek Michael I Constantine Simeon I Ignatius II Lazarus II Mercurius Athanasius Johann I Porphyrios Dionysius Thomas Pachomius Ignatius III Jonah Daniel I Johann II Euthymius I Theophylact Parthenius Daniel II Michael II Cassian Ignatius IV Hilarion Nikon Sebastian Gerasimus Michael III Nathaniel Simeon II Euthymius II Misail Pstruch Joachim Joseph the Bulgarian Joseph Soltan Varsonophiy Khodykin Isaiah Kopinsky Abraham

Eastern Orthodox Bishops of Smolensk (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)

Bishops