Keratin disease

Medical condition

Keratin disease
Other names	Keratinopathy

Keratin (high molecular weight) in bile duct cell and oval cells of mouse liver.
Specialty	Dermatology

A keratin disease is a genetic disorder of one of the keratin genes.^{[citation needed]} An example is monilethrix.^[1] The first to be identified was epidermolysis bullosa simplex.^[2]^[3]

Pathology

Examples of keratin disease include:

Name	Skin/hair	Keratin
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex	skin	KRT5, KRT14
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis	skin	KRT1, KRT10
Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens	skin	KRT2A
Palmoplantar keratoderma	skin	KRT1, KRT9, KRT16
Pachyonychia congenita	skin	KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT16, KRT17
White sponge nevus	skin	KRT4, KRT13
Steatocystoma multiplex	skin	KRT17
Monilethrix	hair	KRT81, KRT83, KRT86
Meesman juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy	cornea	KRT3, KRT12
Familial cirrhosis	liver	KRT8, KRT18

References

^ Corden LD, McLean WH (December 1996). "Human keratin diseases: hereditary fragility of specific epithelial tissues". Exp. Dermatol. 5 (6): 297–307. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00133.x. PMID 9028791.
^ Smith F (2003). "The molecular genetics of keratin disorders". Am J Clin Dermatol. 4 (5): 347–64. doi:10.2165/00128071-200304050-00005. PMID 12688839.
^ Irvine AD, McLean WH (May 1999). "Human keratin diseases: the increasing spectrum of disease and subtlety of the phenotype-genotype correlation". Br. J. Dermatol. 140 (5): 815–28. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02810.x. PMID 10354017.

Cytoskeletal defects

Microfilaments

Myofilament

Actin	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 11 Dilated cardiomyopathy 1AA DFNA20 Nemaline myopathy 3
Myosin	Elejalde syndrome Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, 8, 10 Usher syndrome 1B Freeman–Sheldon syndrome DFN A3, 4, 11, 17, 22; B2, 30, 37, 48 May–Hegglin anomaly
Troponin	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 7, 2 Nemaline myopathy 4, 5
Tropomyosin	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 3 Nemaline myopathy 1
Titin	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9

Other

1/2	Keratinopathy (keratosis, keratoderma, hyperkeratosis): KRT1 Striate palmoplantar keratoderma 3 Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis IHCM KRT2E (Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens) KRT3 (Meesmann juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy) KRT4 (White sponge nevus) KRT5 (Epidermolysis bullosa simplex) KRT8 (Familial cirrhosis) KRT10 (Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) KRT12 (Meesmann juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy) KRT13 (White sponge nevus) KRT14 (Epidermolysis bullosa simplex) KRT17 (Steatocystoma multiplex) KRT18 (Familial cirrhosis) KRT81/KRT83/KRT86 (Monilethrix) Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures
3	Desmin: Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy 1I GFAP: Alexander disease Peripherin: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
4	Neurofilament: Parkinson's disease Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1F, 2E Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
5	Laminopathy: LMNA Mandibuloacral dysplasia Dunnigan Familial partial lipodystrophy Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2 Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1B Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2B1 LMNB Barraquer–Simons syndrome LEMD3 Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome Osteopoikilosis LBR Pelger–Huet anomaly Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia

Microtubules

Kinesin	Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2A Hereditary spastic paraplegia 10
Dynein	Primary ciliary dyskinesia Short rib-polydactyly syndrome 3 Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia 3
Other	Tauopathy Cavernous venous malformation

Membrane

Ankyrin: Long QT syndrome 4

Hereditary spherocytosis 1

Catenin

APC
- Gardner's syndrome
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
plakoglobin (Naxos syndrome)
GAN (Giant axonal neuropathy)

Other

centrosome: PCNT (Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II)

Related topics: Cytoskeletal proteins

Congenital malformations and deformations of integument / skin disease

Genodermatosis

Congenital ichthyosis/
erythrokeratodermia

AD	Ichthyosis vulgaris
AR	Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Lamellar ichthyosis Harlequin-type ichthyosis Netherton syndrome CHIME syndrome Sjögren–Larsson syndrome
XR	X-linked ichthyosis
Ungrouped	Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens Ichthyosis follicularis Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome Ichthyosis–sclerosing cholangitis syndrome Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa Ichthyosis hystrix

EB
and related

EBS
- EBS-K
- EBS-WC
- EBS-DM
- EBS-OG
- EBS-MD
- EBS-MP

JEB
- JEB-H
- Mitis
- Generalized atrophic
- JEB-PA

DEB
- DDEB
- RDEB

Ectodermal dysplasia

Elastic/Connective

Hyperkeratosis/
keratinopathy

PPK

syndromic

ungrouped: Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia
desmoplakin
- Carvajal syndrome
connexin
- Erythrokeratodermia variabilis
- HID/KID

Other

see also Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of skin appendages, Template:Phakomatoses, Template:Pigmentation disorders, Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder

Developmental
anomalies

Midline	Dermoid cyst Encephalocele Nasal glioma PHACE association Sinus pericranii
Nevus	Capillary hemangioma Port-wine stain Nevus flammeus nuchae
Other/ungrouped	Aplasia cutis congenita Amniotic band syndrome Branchial cyst Cavernous venous malformation Accessory nail of the fifth toe Bronchogenic cyst Congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux Congenital lip pit Congenital malformations of the dermatoglyphs Congenital preauricular fistula Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma Cystic lymphatic malformation Median raphe cyst Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy Mongolian spot Nasolacrimal duct cyst Omphalomesenteric duct cyst Poland anomaly Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome Skin dimple Superficial lymphatic malformation Thyroglossal duct cyst Verrucous vascular malformation Birthmark

v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of skin appendages
Nail disease	Anonychia Leukonychia Pachyonychia congenita/Onychauxis Koilonychia
Hair disease	hypotrichosis/abnormalities: keratin disease Monilethrix IBIDS syndrome Sabinas brittle hair syndrome Pili annulati Pili torti Uncombable hair syndrome Björnstad syndrome Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair hypertrichosis: Zimmermann–Laband syndrome