Echimyini

A tribe of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents

Echimyini
Mesomys hispidus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Superfamily: Octodontoidea
Family: Echimyidae
Subfamily: Echimyinae
Tribe: Echimyini
Fabre et al. 2016 [1]
Genera

Dactylomys
Diplomys
Echimys
Isothrix
Kannabateomys
Lonchothrix
Makalata
Mesomys
Olallamys
Pattonomys
Phyllomys
Santamartamys
Toromys

Echimyini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2016, and containing 13 extant genera: all of the tree rats Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, Toromys, Diplomys, Santamartamys, and Isothrix, the long recognized dactylomines Dactylomys, Olallamys, and Kannabateomys, and the enigmatic and previously classified as eumysopines Lonchothrix and Mesomys.[1][2] All these spiny rats genera are arboreal. Worth of note, the arboreal genus Callistomys – the painted-tree rat – does not belong to the tribe Echimyini. Because it is phylogenetically closer to Myocastor, Hoplomys, Proechimys, and Thrichomys than to the above-mentioned Echimyini genera, it is classified in the tribe Myocastorini.[3][2]

Phylogeny

Five assemblages can be distinguished in the genus-level cladogram of Echimyini:

  • Echimys is closely related to Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys and Toromys. This clade is in accordance with the fact that Phyllomys was classified within Echimys,[4] and that Pattonomys and Toromys were placed in Makalata.[5]
  • Dactylomys, Olallamys, and Kannabateomys share unique features, and these South American bamboo rats are grouped under the informal clade name of "Dactylomyines".[1]
  • Diplomys and Santamartamys are sister group, reflecting the fact that the latter genus has been split from the former.[6]
  • Lonchothrix and Mesomys are sister group, and have often been classified within "Eumysopines", a subfamily otherwise shown to be polyphyletic.[1]
  • Isothrix occupies an isolated, deep-branching position.
Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyini.
Echimyini 
         

  Isothrix

  "Eumysopines"  

  Lonchothrix
  (Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat)

  Mesomys

         
         
         
         

  Pattonomys

  Toromys
  (Giant tree-rat)

         

  Makalata

  Diplomys

  Santamartamys
  (Red-crested tree-rat)

  "Dactylomyines"  

  Kannabateomys
  (Atlantic bamboo rat)

         
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[7][8][9][10][11][3][12][13][2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Patton, James L.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641. ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.
  2. ^ a b c Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
  3. ^ a b Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on Line. 12: 132–136.
  4. ^ Eisenberg, J. F.; Redford, K. H. (May 15, 2000). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: The Central Neotropics: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. pp. 487–488. ISBN 978-0-226-19542-1. OCLC 493329394.
  5. ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Infraorder Hystricognathi". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1538–1600. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  6. ^ Emmons, Louise Hickock (2005). "A revision of the genera of arboreal Echimyidae (Rodentia: Echimyidae, Echimyinae), with descriptions of two new genera". Mammalian Diversification: From Chromosomes to phylogeography (A Celebration of the Career of James L. Patton). Vol. 133. University of California Press. pp. 247–310. ISBN 9780520098534.
  7. ^ Lara, Márcia C.; Patton, James L.; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 5 (2): 403–413. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035. PMID 8728398.
  8. ^ Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L. (2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8.
  9. ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
  10. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
  11. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
  12. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
  13. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
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Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
Echimyinae
Echimyini
Dactylomys
  • Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
  • Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
  • Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
Diplomys
  • Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
  • Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
Echimys
  • White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
  • Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
  • Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
Isothrix
  • I. barbarabrownae
  • Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
  • Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
  • Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
  • Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
Kannabateomys
  • Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
Lonchothrix
  • Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
Makalata
  • Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
  • Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
  • Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
  • Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
Mesomys
  • Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
  • Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
  • Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
  • Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
Olallamys
  • White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
  • Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
Pattonomys
  • Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
  • Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
Phyllomys
  • Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
  • Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
  • Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
  • Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
  • Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
  • Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
  • Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
  • Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
  • Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
  • Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
  • Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
  • Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
  • Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
Santamartamys
  • Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
Toromys
  • Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
Myocastorini
Callistomys
  • Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
Hoplomys
  • Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
Myocastor
  • Nutria (M. coypus)
Proechimys
group canicollis
  • Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
group decumanus
  • Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
group echinothrix
  • Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
group gardneri
  • Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
  • Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
  • Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
group goeldii
  • Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
  • Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
  • Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
group guyannensis
  • Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
  • Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
group longicaudatus
  • Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
  • Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
  • Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
group semispinosus
  • O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
  • Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
group simonsi
  • Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
group trinitatus
  • Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
  • Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
  • Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
  • Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
  • Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
  • Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
  • Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
  • Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
Thrichomys
  • Common punaré (T. apereoides)
  • Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
  • Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
  • Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
  • Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
Euryzygomatomyinae
—
Clyomys
  • Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
Euryzygomatomys
  • Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
  • Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
Trinomys
  • White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
  • Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
  • Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
  • Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
  • Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
  • Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
  • Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
  • Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
  • Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
  • Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
  • Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
Incertae sedis
—
Carterodon
  • Owl's spiny rat (C. sulcidens)
Capromyinae
Capromyini
Capromys
  • Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
Geocapromys
  • Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
  • Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
Mesocapromys
  • Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
  • Eared hutia (M. auritus)
  • Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
  • Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
  • San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
Mysateles
  • Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
  • Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
  • Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
Plagiodontini
Plagiodontia
  • Hispaniolan hutia (P. aedium)