Clostebol
- None
- BR: Class C5 (Anabolic steroids)[1]
- CA: Schedule IV
- (8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-4-Chloro-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
- 1093-58-9 Y
- 68947
- DB01521 Y
- 62171 Y
- Z7D4G976SH
- D07731 Y
- ChEMBL2106571 N
- DTXSID5046192
- Interactive image
- O=C4C(\Cl)=C2/[C@]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
- InChI=1S/C19H27ClO2/c1-18-10-8-15(21)17(20)14(18)4-3-11-12-5-6-16(22)19(12,2)9-7-13(11)18/h11-13,16,22H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t11-,12-,13-,16-,18+,19-/m0/s1 Y
- Key:KCZCIYZKSLLNNH-FBPKJDBXSA-N Y
Clostebol (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name; also known as 4-chlorotestosterone) usually as the ester clostebol acetate, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). Clostebol is the 4-chloro derivative of the natural hormone testosterone. The chlorination prevents conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) while also rendering the chemical incapable of conversion to estrogen.[citation needed] Although usually used as an ester including clostebol acetate (Macrobin, Steranabol, Alfa-Trofodermin, Megagrisevit), clostebol caproate (Macrobin-Depot), or clostebol propionate (Yonchlon), unmodified/non-esterified clostebol is also reported to be marketed, under the brand name Trofodermin-S in Mexico.[2]
Clostebol is a weak AAS with potential use as a performance enhancing drug. It is currently banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency.[3] Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (Oral Turinabol), combining the chemical structures of clostebol and metandienone, was widely used in the East German state-sponsored doping program.[4]
Medical uses
Clostebol acetate ointment has ophthalmological and dermatological use.[5]
Side effects
Chemistry
Clostebol, also known as 4-chlorotestosterone or as 4-chloroandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. It is specifically the 4-chlorinated derivative of testosterone.
Society and culture
Nutritional supplements
A related anabolic steroid, methylclostebol, is a common additive in so-called dietary supplements, generally listed in the convoluted form 4-chloro-17α-methyl-androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one.[6]
Publicized abuse cases
Use of clostebol has led to the suspension of a number of athletes in various sports including Freddy Galvis of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2012,[7] Dee Gordon of the Miami Marlins in 2016,[8] Olympic athlete Viktoria Orsi Toth in 2016,[9] Serie A soccer player José Luis Palomino of Club Atalanta, and Fernando Tatís Jr. of the San Diego Padres in 2022.[10][11] Tatís Jr, who had missed the entirety of the season due to a broken wrist, accepted the suspension while claiming that it was an inadvertent breach after taking a ringworm medication that he had failed to check the ingredients list for banned substances.[12] and Orlando Galo from Club Sport Herediano in 2022
In 2016, urinalysis resulted in Therese Johaug testing positive for clostebol.[13][14][15]
Regulation
In the U.S., clostebol is listed as a Schedule III controlled substance,[6] meaning the U.S. federal government considers it to have a potential for abuse as well as a currently accepted medical use.
See also
References
- ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
- ^ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 265–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
- ^ "The World Anti-Doping Code: The 2020 Prohibited List" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. Retrieved 2019-12-28.
- ^ "Doping for Gold: The State-Sponsored Doping Program". PBS. 2011-06-13.
- ^ Maccaroni E, Mele A, Del Rosso R, Malpezzi L (August 2011). "Clostebol acetate". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 67 (Pt 8): o1952-3. Bibcode:2011AcCrE..67o1952M. doi:10.1107/S1600536811026560. PMC 3212337. PMID 22090994.
- ^ a b Rahnema CD, Crosnoe LE, Kim ED (March 2015). "Designer steroids – over-the-counter supplements and their androgenic component: review of an increasing problem". Andrology. 3 (2): 150–155. doi:10.1111/andr.307. PMID 25684733. S2CID 6999218.
- ^ Breen M (July 11, 2016). "Phillies say they will welcome Stumpf back after drug suspension".
- ^ "Marlins 2B Dee Gordon suspended 80 games after PEDs violation". ESPN. 2016-04-29.
- ^ "Rio 2016, beach volley: conferma di doping per Viktoria Orsi Toth – Panorama" (in Italian). 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
- ^ Campanale S (2022-07-26). "Report Atalanta's Palomino Fails Doping Test".
- ^ Passan J (12 August 2022). "San Diego Padres star Fernando Tatis Jr. suspended 80 games after testing positive for PED". ESPN.com. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ "Padres' Tatis banned 80 games for PED violation". 12 August 2022.
- ^ "Advokat: – Johaug fikk hele pakken". 2016-10-17.
- ^ "Slik hevder Johaug å ha fått i seg det forbudte stoffet". 2016-10-13.
- ^ "World's best cross-country skier Therese Johaug hit by new Norwegian doping scandal". October 13, 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
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Steroidogenesis inhibitors |
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Antigonadotropins |
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
- See also
- Androgen receptor modulators
- Estrogens and antiestrogens
- Progestogens and antiprogestogens
- List of androgens/anabolic steroids