1977 Tonga earthquake

22°53′S 175°43′W / 22.89°S 175.71°W / -22.89; -175.71 [1]TypeNormal[2]Max. intensityMMI VIII (Severe)[3]Casualtiesyes

The 1977 Tonga earthquake took place on 22 June at 12:08:33 UTC some 200 km southwest of Tongatapu, which shocks infecting all islands of the kingdom of Tonga. The earthquake measured 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale.

The earthquake caused considerable damage to the infrastructures and some fatalities in most Tongan islands,[3] with the most damage in Tongatapu and ʻEua and the least damage in Ha'apai and Vava'u.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c ISC (2017), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2013), Version 4.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. ^ USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
  3. ^ a b "Earthquakes in Tonga". iisee.kenken.go.jp. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  4. ^ M. D. Campbell; G. R. McKay; R. L. Williams (1977). "The Tonga earthquake of 23 June, 1977 – some initial observations" (PDF). Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering. 10 (4): 208–218. doi:10.5459/bnzsee.10.4.208-218.

Further reading

  • Kruger-Knuepfer, J. L.; Hamburger, M. W.; Isacks, B. L.; Barazangi, M.; Kelleher, J.; Hade, G. (1986), Evaluation of seismic risk in the Tonga–Fiji–Vanuatu region of the southwest Pacific (PDF), A country report: Tonga

External links

  • The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
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  • Vrancea (7.2, Mar 4) †‡
  • Khurgu (6.7, Mar 21) †
  • Naghan (6.0, Apr 6) †
  • Tonga (8.0, Jun 22)
  • Sumba (8.3, Aug 19) †
  • San Juan (7.4, Nov 23) †
  • Bob–Tangol (5.9, Dec 19) †
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
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