1956 Chim earthquake
The 1956 Chim earthquake was a destructive multiple-shock event that occurred on March 16 in Lebanon along a strand of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system.[1] The epicenter was located in the south of Lebanon in the Chouf District. Six thousand homes were destroyed and another 17,000 were damaged. The number of persons killed was 136.[2]
Tectonic setting
The DST is a 1,609 km (1,000 mi) long transform fault that runs in a mostly north-south direction from the northern end of the Red Sea along the Jordan Rift Valley to the Taurus Mountains complex in southern Turkey. The left-lateral fault zone marks the boundary of the Arabian Plate and the Sinai-Levantine block and consists of multiple parallel faults.[3] As the fault moves through Lebanon and Syria the fault trace follows a restraining bend and splits into several strands that include the Serghaya, Rachaya, and Roum faults, as well as the prominent Yammouneh fault.[4]
Earthquake
The Roum fault runs for a length of 35 kilometers (22 mi) between the Hula basin the Awali river and is the westernmost strand of the fault system in that area. A paleoseismic trench investigation revealed that it may have been the source of the twin-shock event.[5]
The twin shocks were separated by less than fifteen minutes with the first event occurring at 19:32 and the second event at 19:43 hours.[2] The initial shock was estimated to measure (Mw = 5.3) and the second event was rated (Mw = 5.5).
See also
References
- ^ Galey, Patrick (March 12, 2010). "Scientists predict large Lebanon earthquake looming". The Daily Star.
- ^ a b Brazee, Rutlage J.; Cloud, William K. (1956), United States Earthquakes, United States Department of Commerce / UNited States Coast and Geodetic Survey, p. 50
- ^ Daeron, M.; Klinger, Y.; Tapponnier, P.; Elias, A.; Jacques, E.; Sursock, A. (2005), "Sources of the large A.D. 1202 and 1759 Near East earthquakes" (PDF), Geology, 33 (7): 529, Bibcode:2005Geo....33..529D, doi:10.1130/G21352.1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03, retrieved 2012-08-02
- ^ Mohamad, Randa; Nasser Darkal, Abdul; Seber, Dogan; Sandvol, Eric; Gomez, Francisco; Barazangi, Muawia (2000), "Remote Earthquake Triggering along the Dead Sea Fault in Syria following the 1995 Gulf of Aqaba Earthquake (Ms = 7.3)", Seismological Research Letters, 71 (1): 48, Bibcode:2000SeiRL..71...47M, doi:10.1785/gssrl.71.1.47, hdl:1813/5321
- ^ Nemer, Tony; Meghraoui, Mustapha (2006), "Evidence of coseismic ruptures along the Roum fault (Lebanon): a possible source for the AD 1837 earthquake", Journal of Structural Geology, 28 (8): 1483–1495, Bibcode:2006JSG....28.1483N, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.03.038
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- Hasankale (5.8, Jan 3) †
- Hokkaido (8.1, March 2) †
- San Juan (6.8, June 11)
- Kern County (7.3, July 21)
- Damxung (7.5, August 18) †
- Severo-Kurilsk (9.0, Nov 5) †‡
- Torud (6.6, Feb 12) †
- Yenice–Gönen (7.5, March 18) ‡†
- Concepción (7.6, May 6)
- Ionian (6.8, Aug 12) †
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- Suva (6.8, Sept 14)
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- Adelaide (5.6, Mar 1)
- Sofades (7.0, Apr 30) †
- Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley (6.0-7.1, July 6-Mar 23 1959)
- Chlef (6.7, Sep 9) ‡†
- Budapest (5.8, Jan 12)
- Chim (4.8 & 5.1, March 16) †
- 1956 Atarfe-Albolote (5.0, Apr 19)
- Afghanistan (7.3, Jun 10) ‡†
- Amorgos (7.7, July 9) †
- Sagaing (7.1, July 16) †
- Anjar (6.1, July 21) †
- Nicaragua (7.3, Oct 24) †
- Andreanof Islands (8.6, March 9)
- San Francisco (5.7, March 22)
- Fethiye (6.2, April 24 - 7.1 April 25)
- Abant (7.1, May 26) †
- Sangchal (7.1, July 2) †‡
- Guerrero (7.6, July 28) †
- Mongolia (8.1, December 4)
- Farsinaj (6.5, December 13) †‡
- Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley (6.0-7.1, July 6 1954-Mar 23 1959)
- Kamchatka (8.0, May 4)
- Hengchun (7.1, Aug 15)
- Coatzacoalcos (6.4, Aug 26)
- Hebgen Lake (7.3–7.5, Aug 17) ‡
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year